Chinese education: Then and Now Essay

Education in China began with the Chinese classic texts, rather than organized religion. The early Chinese state depended upon literate, educated officials for operation of the empire, and an imperial examination system was established in the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220) for evaluating and selecting officials. This merit-based system gave rise to schools that taught the classics and continued in use for 2,000 years, until the end the Qing Dynasty, and was abolished in 1911 in favour of Western education methods (Global Oneness Commitment). New approaches to education were encouraged after 1977, after a long period of nothing being done with the growth of education and science. It was in 1985, that school reform was implemented. Schooling was for nine years, with academic achievement having priority over political consciousness. Education comes in two categories – general and specific. The former includes the regular college, junior college, vocations secondary school and middle school levels, and the latter includes elimination of illiteracy rural practical technology training, on-the-job training, education for single-discipline qualification certificates, education for vocational certificates and postgraduate continued education (Asian Info).

Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and the Struggle

The book Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. Du Bois and the Struggle for Racial Uplift was affectively written by Jacqueline M. Moore and published in 2003. This book review will look at the following themes, Washington being a gradualist while Du Bois wanting confrontational immediacy, and the idiom, â€Å"if you can’t beat them join them. † What is also great about the book is that it starts with telling us about both philanthropist’s childhood to effectively reveal where each got their philosophies and unique characteristics and traits.The injustice of racism and its evident role in some of Americas most prominent political and social aspects have perpetuated rigorous and squalor lifestyles for those of non-Caucasian ancestry. Jacqueline Moore clearly states evidence how white people have such a long history of being the dominant group and why it is so hard for blacks to assimilate. In the book the writer simply told us a story of 2 men’s journeys for racia l uplift and wanted us to decide the theme for ourselves, telling both sides of the story in order to let us choose which of them we might agree with more.The author did a good job letting us know Washington and Du Bois’s goals. The style of the novel is interconnected with its themes. In the novel, not only does Moore convey the ideas and concepts of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B Dubois, but Moore also illustrates the theories of which consists of gradualism and immediacy. â€Å"Washington was a gradualist, and Du Bois favored immediacy. Washington advocated economic advancement and self-help; Du Bois favored political advancement. †(p. 7) Washington tries to possess the concept that, if you can’t beat them join them. This is one of the examples in the novel that Jacqueline Moore clearly and affectively states as evidence to one of the themes. The tone of Moore’s Novel is optimistic and assertive, which is evident when she says that â€Å"†¦ alt hough it was true that blacks had to make efforts to help themselves, without the support and encouragement of the white community and the elimination of discriminatory barriers, progress was not possible. (p. 72) Moore’s writing proves its effectiveness for it essentially explains Dubois’s theory of what blacks need to do too pursue a better life and achieve self-actualization that promotes higher possibilities and is free from lowering standards as he addresses his purpose, indicates his broad audience, and infuses a unique writing style that employs an in-depth point of view and an optimistic tone from Du Bois. â€Å"The difference was in the emphasis each man placed on his preferred method.Washington argued that industrial education should come first so that southern blacks could gain basic schooling and useful skills with which to make something of themselves. Du Bois argued that without higher education for blacks there would be no black teachers for the industr ial schools and therefor no chance for blacks to improve. † (p. 61) Again, the writer states the goals of the 2 men to make sure the readers are able to convey the information to their own understanding.Moore fills the readers with the knowledge that the white society of the past was philosophically corrupted and degraded the worth of black individuals due to white supremacy and the lack of cooperation from the whites, which depressed black’s motivation to instill within them their goals and expectations. The key to eliminating discrimination was to get the government to take initiative to end discrimination of the black race, but as time progressed, rebellious natured individuals presented their disapproval for this racial uplift and started clans like the KKK in order to discourage blacks from earning political rights. As their situation grew increasingly desperate, many poor blacks lost faith in the possibility of integration that both Washington and Du Bois held out as the ultimate goal. †(p. 94). Supporting my thesis, many blacks have lost faith for racial uplift and started to think they couldn’t beat the white supremacist. â€Å"Eventually, after many struggles, the International Migration Society did send a group of 200 emigrants to Liberia in 1895 and another 321 in 1896. (p. 100) The book also did a good job stating statistical facts. One of the class discussions that we had was â€Å"Was it too early to migrate back to Africa? † We asked ourselves this and had a big debate over it, but the novel states that only about 1,000 black people took the ship back to Africa while the population of blacks at the time was somewhere around 8,000,000, that is not even 1 percent and most couldn’t even afford it.It was important that the book stated facts showing that although blacks tried very hard to become part of the dominant group, they did not have the tools and money to do so as the whites were very powerful when it came to black rights. They did not understand how hard the standard of living was for blacks, so the people of color continued to be ridiculed by the army of brainwashed drones, who stood tall at the pinnacle of ignorance. Overall the book did a good job adding to my understanding of the subject.A lot of what I read in the book was learned in our in class lectures giving me a head start. Moore wishes to guide her readers out of their blind state of mind and use the perspective of the two philanthropists in order find their way through the often dark and bleak aspects of racial uplift. Before reading the book I knew little to nothing about Washington and Du Bois, but affectively it has managed to reveal all I need to know about the two and all that they have done in their efforts to achieve justice.

Toxicology, Drugs and Poisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Toxicology, Drugs and Poisons - Essay Example The acidic poisons and drugs can easily be isolated from the acidic solution while the basic drugs and poisons are easily extracted from the basic solution. After completing the procedure, the poison and drugs are isolated, the isolated samples are then screened and confirmed thereafter. Other techniques that are discussed in the paper include color testing, immunoassay testing, gas chromatography and microcrystalline testing. Determination of quality of drugs or poison is done through extraction and isolation of the substance from body fluids and tissues. The techniques used in identification include color testing, immunoassay testing, gas chromatography and microcrystalline testing. Color testing is a technique simply used in a determination of an individual content of drug or poison in the system. The technique mainly identifies the type of drug or poisons present in the person and do not indicate the quantity of the suspected substance in the individual’s body. Toxicologist always carries out confirmation test after color testing for surety (Flanagan, Perrett and Whelpton, 2005). When the test is done in a urine sample, a small strip used for the test is dipped in the urine sample and is expected to change to a specific color. In other tests, chemical substances are combined with a sample that is already isolated. Changes in color due to the reactions indicate the presence of certain drugs or p oison in the sample (Haley and Berndt, 2007). Microcrystalline testing involves combining a given amount of isolated sample with a specifically known chemical reagent. In the presence of a drug or poison, a chemical reaction will occur producing a precipitate. The precipitate structure and color varies with respect to the drug or poison that is tested. The precipitate that is formed can then be screened or viewed under a microscope for identity confirmation (Bell, 2009).

Diabetic Ketoacidosis v Hyperglycamic Hyperosmolar State Essay

Diabetic Ketoacidosis v Hyperglycamic Hyperosmolar State - Essay Example There are three main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is formerly known as juvenile diabetes, simply because it is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. Type 2 diabetes, or adult-onset diabetes, is the most common form of diabetes as it can develop at any age. The failure of the muscles and liver to use insulin properly forces the pancreas to produce more insulin until such time that it can no longer cope with the demand and lose its ability to secrete insulin. Gestational diabetes is the kind that is associated with a woman’s pregnancy (â€Å"Diagnosis of Diabetes†). Insulin deficiency may also cause the buildup of an acid known as ketone in the blood. Ketoacidosis, or having high levels of ketone in the blood, can poison the body as it disrupts the chemical balance in the blood and may lead to a diabetic coma or even death. It passes up in the urine and is the warning sign that insulin levels are very low and that ketone levels are high. It is most commonly found in people with type 1 diabetes. Some of the symptoms include: dry mouth, frequent urination, hyperglycemia, constant feeling of tiredness, dry/flushed skin, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty in breathing, fruity odor on breath and confusion. While the common cold or flu can bring about ketoacidosis, some other causes may be insufficient insulin in the body which would lead to the breaking down of fats for energy, insufficient food intake, and low blood glucose (â€Å"Ketoacidosis†). Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) is a condition that is more commonly found in Type 2 diabetes patients. It is characterized by decreased consciousness, extreme dehydration, and extremely high blood glucose levels, which is not accompanied by ketoacidosis (â€Å"Diabetic Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar

Mental Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mental Illness - Essay Example Panic attacks usually last for a short duration of time in which a person is subject to stress and overload of anxiety and they have a sudden intensity of that anxiety. A panic attack is characterized by a person having heart palpitations, sweating, trembling and shaking, shortness of breath, a feeling of choking, chest pains, nausea, dizzy and lightheaded sensations, numbing or tingling sensations, a feeling of distance from reality or from oneself, a fear of dying, losing control or going crazy (Panic attack, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Panic attacks can often lead to panic disorder. This is mental illness that is characterized by a series of panic attacks that a person experiences over a period of time due to anxiety and stress. It is a recurrence of this unexpected panic attacks that create the disorder. Many times it is diagnosed with or without agoraphobia present (Panic disorder with agoraphobia, American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Agoraphobia is the condition in which a sufferer of the panic disorder often begins to have continuous concern that another panic attack will come on. It is the anticipation of going to a certain place where they fear that a panic attack will occur. It is often difficult for people to travel beyond their comfort zones without suffering from severe anxiety. Many people find it hard to go to shopping malls, ride a bus or attend theater or sports performances because of the urge to need to find a quick route to get out so that they do not become embarrassed if they were to have an anxiety attack (Anxiety Disorders Association of America, 2011). Patients are worried that certain situations will cause them to have a panic attack and therefore sometimes start to avoid situations which make them anxious or nervous. They are often afraid to do something as

Contemporary Issues and Policies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contemporary Issues and Policies - Term Paper Example Consequently it shows hot information technology influences the structure and processes of the organization and policies that impact the project. Physical therapy is a health care profession that deals with the identification and maximization of the quality of life through prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. It involves an active interaction between the therapist, patient, families, community and other health professionals/providers. It is in this field that Outpatient Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Services (OTPRS) operates. OTPRS offers both physical therapy (neck and back, shoulder, elbow, wrist, hand, hip, knee and ankle), and specialty programs (occupational and hand therapy, vestibular/ balance program, sports medicine, work related injuries, medical gym, chronic pain management, massage therapy, women’s health). In order to fit and remain competitive in the market, OTPRS has laid down strategies to incorporate the current issues and policies in US and the world. This is due to the realization that globalization as a modern issue demands for expansion of economic interdependence as a conscious state and organization strategy (Mastanduno, 2001). United States has modeled itself into a modern epitome of democracy with a good social, economic and political facet that is admired by many. The result has been an influx of people into US seeking employment, citizenship, health care and education. These people are from a different culture of the world. In order to incorporate this new group of potential clientele, OTPRS has embarked on an expansion project that seeks to study these new markets in line with their ethical and cultural backgrounds. However, it draws caution of the looming effect of new competition from Asian Tigers who offer cheaper therapeutic services to the market. This has prompted the organization to upscale its standard of operation to offer competent services without necessarily having to lower prices. OTPRS is a ware of an increase in the aging population in United States. There has been a constant 12.4 percentage increase in the number of persons 65 years of age and above (CDC, 2004). The population is characterized with functional limitation and a high prevalence of chronic diseases, hence, a high demand for therapeutic services. This trend has forced the company to expand its capacity in service provision though its 5 centers (Auburn, Covington, Covington Satellite, Maple Valley and Kent) and its online program. Through its online program, a patient can request for an appointment, pay their bills online, or even refer another patient to the organization. OTPRS operates in the health care industry with three major payers: government (Federal, State and local; employers and the health care consumers. Trends of consumption have shown that services that are covered with insurance and payment methods are consumed more that the ones borne by the customers. However, Medicare is now available to almost all of the American aging population. This is a positive aspect in the healthcare industry and will impact positively on players such as OTPRS. One of the regulations in the US health care industry is ‘The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) of 1996’. It is the major regulatory policy that affects organizations that provide services to consumers within the United States (NetIQ, 2005). Others include the

The Causes of the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance Essay

The Causes of the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance - Essay Example The former class includes antibiotics like the ÃŽ ² lactams (penicillin, penicillin derived antibiotics, carbapenems, cephalosporins, vancomycin) and most aminoglycosides especially against Gram-negative organisms but not against Gram-positive and anaerobic micro-organisms. The other class of antibiotics, the microbiostatic, include antibiotics that prevent the micro-organisms from multiplying by interfering with their protein production, DNA replication, and other metabolic pathways. Tetracycline, sulphonamides, trimethoprim and most microbicidal antibiotics at low concentration are few examples of the microbistatic group. The first antibiotic to be discovered was penicillin derived from the Penicillium mold. It was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928. Later on, the development of synthetic penicillin broadened the spectrum of activity and at the same time enhanced the efficacy of these drugs. However, with the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, the usefulness of penicillins have been limited in the recent years. Methicillin is a narrow spectrum ÃŽ ² lactam antibiotic which was developed in 1959 by Beechman in order to treat penicillin-resistant Gram-positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus.  In the 1960s and 1970s, it proved so efficient against Staphylococcus aureus that it was extensively used and even sprayed in the wards of hospitals to control Staphylococcal infection in newborn. ( Elek SD, Fleming PC. A new technique for the control of hospital cross infection. Lancet 1960;ii:569–72). Methicillin-resistant isolates though present were not notably troublesome because of the emergence and prevalence of microbial resistance especially MRSA( methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) in hospitals. The major antibiotic-resistant pathogen associated with nosocomial infection.

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 114

Case Study Example It specializes in the manufacturing of new glass products. This has contributed to the company’s outstanding reputation in the glass and ceramics markets over the years. This corporation has eight line divisions one of them being the Electronic Product Division (EPD) which focuses on the production of electronic resistors and capacitors. Under the leadership of Don Rogers, who is the Vice President and general manager of the division, EPD’s performance has steadily improved despite its decline in 1991 and 1992. One significant achievement of this unit is that it successfully managed to distribute its products to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) due to its research and development strength. This factor opened new opportunities for the division that contributed to its growth. The growing market of the telecommunications industry is another factor that has led to the division’s growth because it has provided a ready market for products. EPD has been able to maintain competitive advantage because of its ability to respond to customers’ needs by introducing new products that are of high quality. There are various risks the division has been forced to take due to the uncertain business environment (Robertson & Caldart, 2009). The division’s leadership has further steered it to a higher level. Joe Bennett, for instance, used his management style to influence positively organizational behavior. His leadership led to group effectiveness and inter-functional coordination. Rogers, on the other hand, made sure the organization employed professional employees. The company’s success has however not gone without challenges. For example, it reached a point when EPD experienced a lack of growth. Their dollar volume dropped because of price cuts. This forced the management to reduce costs so as to maintain the gross margin. Despite these efforts the gross margin still reduced. As a result, the sales and marketing departments were blamed. The

Final Project, Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Exercise Plan Essay Example for Free

Final Project, Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Exercise Plan Essay In my first report I indicated my age 42 years old, my weight was 165 pounds and height 5’6†. My daily exercise was riding bike between 6 to 8 miles a day for 3 days during the week for a total of 350 minutes of Physical Activity. Week one 3 day analysis for breakfast I had a cup of coffee with flavored cream with sandwich or cereals, for lunch I had sandwich or reheated food from previous day, snack I had wheat cake, fruits or chips and for dinner; Latin food, hamburger or pasta, don’t drink soft drinks, but drink Lipton Iced Tea and water. (Matta) (2012). Based on the first report I was over in grains on vegetables, fruits, dairy, protein foods, oils I was under; empty calories I was under with 280 calories, total calories average was 1785 status and sodium was high on all 3 days. (SuperTracker) (n. d. ). After the first report I tried to modified some eating habits measuring the amount of food; cereal, pasta, rice and beans in cups, steaks and fish cut in 4 ounces, drink more water and less alcoholic drinks and increase my daily exercise adding two days of walking 3 miles per day increasing my weekly Physical Activity to 630 minutes. Matta) (2013). The latest report from January 2nd through January 4th, all the food groups where under my empty calories was lower then the first one at 208 and my average total calories was lower at 1292 average per day but my sodium limit is still high. The result of this modification is my current weight at 155 pounds and drop from a 36 waist size to a 34. Based on Food Tracker my daily calorie limit allowance is 2400 and at least 150 minutes per week of physical activity. I am under the allowance of calories and over my physical activity per week. (SuperTracker) (n. d. ). Final Project, Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Exercise Plan After reviewing both analysis I have realized that my challenge is sodium, I don’t use salt but some of the food I consume are high on sodium. Colorado State University indicates that sodium is found in most process foods to preserve or flavor them; sodium has an important role maintaining water balance within the cells and in the function of both impulses and muscle but consuming excess sodium may lead to edema or water retention, high blood pressure and in Women may be at higher risk for developing osteoporosis even if calcium intake is adequate. Colorado State University) (n. d. ). In my family our medical history is high blood pressure my Mother, Brother and I have this condition. The American Heart Association indicates that high blood pressure can be inherited by one of both parents if they have a history of the condition, advance age can develop a higher risk, gender related risk pattern, lack of physical activity, overweight, obesity, drinking to much alcohol and Poor diet, especially one that includes too much salt other possible factors could be stress, smoking, second hand smoke and sleep apnea. (American Heart Association) (2012). The effects of having high blood pressure are, a stroke it can cause a break or weakened blood vessel which the brain can bleed, it is a major factor in heart attacks the arteries brings oxygen-carrying blood to the heart muscle if the heart doesn’t receive the proper oxygen, blood flow is blocked a heart attach can occur, Kidney damage in over time the high blood pressure can narrow or thicken the blood vessels of the Kidney this we result in filtering less fluids and waste build up in the blood the result can be dialysis or kidney transplant and Arteries, the arteries in the brain, heart and kidney hardens making all three to work harder. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute) (n. d. ). Final Project, Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Exercise Plan I believe I have a good diet consuming my total calories for day, the amount of food and exercise but as mentioned before sodium is my challenge. My action plan will be related with sodium and how to keep high blood pressure under control, the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute give me some tips on how to reduce sodium in my diet, buy fresh, plain frozen, or canned vegetable with no salt added, use fresh poultry, fish, and lean meat rather then canned or process types, use herbs, spices and salt-free seasoning blends in cooking, cut back in salad dressing, rinse can food such as tuna to remove sodium and choose ready to eat breakfast cereals lower in sodium. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute) (n. d. ). With these tips my action planned is to buy less process foods, use more white meat instead of red and consume it in small amounts, utilize less dressing or replace it with olive oil and balsamic vinegar in small amounts and consumed more salt free products for exercise my plan will be the same as I have in present time, I will ride my bike 3 days a week between 6 to 8 miles and walk 2 days a week 3 miles per day this plan will keep my body active and healthy. Matta) (2013), All action plans have their share of setbacks some of the anticipated setbacks for both food and exercise; for food is the amount of time that I have to go to the grocery store and buy the products mentioned above, I have a very active lifestyle family, work, study, and exercise; time is very limited, this is why we go to a restaurant, buy process food or can food without reading the labels a plan that I will implement with my wife is to go the first day of the month and go to the grocery store and supply our sel f with the necessary healthy food for the entire month and go once a week to replenish anything that we need; for exercise my setback is more the ability to keep motivated and time to overcome this my plan is to keep my picture of my Final Project, Healthy Eating, Nutrition, and Exercise Plan Daughter and I in the door fridge when I was overweight, this picture is why I decided to do exercise, loose weight and keep it off. (Matta) (2013). One tool I learned from our class is Super Tracker since I learned about this site I have use it since and I will keep using it until I have to register again, Super Tracker gives me suggestion and measure the outcome of my action plan plus doing my yearly checkup with the Doctor for my high blood pressure and health. If I keep my action plan in tact the result will be a positive one healthy body and mind but If don’t follow my action plan the health risk factor will be a negative one I can gain weight and high blood pressure which can create a stroke or heart attack or even worst death. (Matta) (2013). Colorado State University indicates as we age it is important to eat more calcium, iron protein Vitamins A, C and flacon; reduce calories selected nutrient-dense foods and enjoy smaller portions of foods high in fat, sugar and sodium. (Colorado State University) (n. d. ). As I age I will follow my doctors instruction and educate myself and adjust based on the information provided eat smaller portion, use Vitamins and reduce any sugar and sodium from my diet, in regard of my exercise as I age my body will have less motion I will walk more a bike ride less, in Florida the 4 seasons are basically the same good weather but in summer the heat is overwhelming and it rains constantly this could alter my physical activity the option is to go to a gym or my YMCA to exercise indoors. (Matta) (2013). Conclusion our body is a perfect machine created to live, serve and reproduce in our world, we are responsible in taking care of it. We should always try our best to eat healthy and keep it fit so we can live a long, healthy and happy life.

Management of Security Essay Example for Free

Management of Security Essay Sever security is instrumental in enhancing authentication, authorization, and control of access to the network from a localized point. Therefore, implementation and management of security on windows server 2003 administration is important first because it enables easy and coherent configuring and maintenance of security setting and software installation on computer network systems. The quest for implementing security on windows server 2003 administration is failure by Microsoft to provide a single mechanism for security related settings configuration (Bragg, Hunt, 2005). The security components are attached to the server externally, a factor which makes remote monitoring and control of connections to the network by the server impossible without them. In addition, management of security in windows server 2003 is important in protecting the privacy and confidence of network users. Internet access has been on the rise in the community, an element that threatens confidentiality of computer information. Such are due to hacking and infecting of personal computers by malicious computer programs. On the other hand, security management in windows server 2003 administration serves the purpose of mitigating unauthorized access into the network. Moreover, this can also function to identify and prevent malicious computer programs from compromises services of the network users. Another important aspect of implementing and managing security in windows server 2003 is that it promotes monitoring and control of the network even when the server is offline. Employing security settings like Baseboard Management Controller hardware for example enables independent communication with remote computer. In return, this effectively enhances the process of remotely identifying errors and initiating response by the network administrator (McCann, Eckert, Schitka, 2005). Therefore, security implementation and management in windows server 2003 administration serves to reliability and efficiency service provision. References Bragg, R. , Hunt, C. (2005). Windows Server 2003 Network Administration. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly. McCann, B. , Eckert, J. , Schitka, J. (2005). Managing a Microsoft Windows server 2003 Network, Enhanced. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

What Is Professional Competency In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay

What Is Professional Competency In Nursing Practice Nursing Essay Introduction Why is professional competence a fundamental requirement in nursing practice? In satisfying this query, one must reflect on ones functions as a nurse. From this, one can realise the undeniable fact that nurses play a crucial role in the delivery of health care services. The very lives of people are at stake and so one must practice competently. Professional competence is a must in nursing practice. In line with this thought, this essay will explore ones practice of nursing in relation to the Australian Nursing Midwifery Council (ANMC) and the Australian Nursing Federation (ANF) competency standards. This essay will also explore what competence is all about and what it means to be a professionally competent nurse. Main Body The ANMC (2006, p.14) defines competence as the combination of skills, knowledge, attitudes, values and abilities that underpin effective and/or superior performance in a profession or occupational area. Competency in nursing is very well acknowledged and sought by all health care institutions. There is always an inherent desire on the part of health care institutions to determine and improve the competence level of their nurses. In fact, Zuzelo (2009) relate that numerous healthcare institutions are investing time and money into systems that can assess competency of nursing professionals. In highly industrialised nations, competency of nursing professionals is sought after and achieved through competency based approach training (Cowan, Norman Coopamah, 2005). The idea of competence seems to have skills at its core, in particular clinical skills, that is ones essential to best practice (Roberts, 2009). However, skills without knowledge is dangerous, according to Roberts (2009). A pr ofessionally competent nurse does not neglect the important aspect of nursing as a caring profession. Being competent does not only imply that one is very knowledgeable and skilled. It also connotes ones genuine care to patients. It is worthy to declare that caring and competency are not exclusive concepts but are naturally intertwined (Masters, 2005). To be professionally competent is to be properly qualified, capable, adequate for the purpose, and sufficient. As professional nurses, we are competent to practice nursing by virtue of our education and licensure as registered nurses. To be competent however, we must meet additional criteria. The ANMC (2006) competency standards for the registered nurse comprises of 4 domains, namely professional practice, critical thinking and analysis, provision and coordination of care and collaborative and therapeutic practice. From among the sub-classifications of the first domain, what can be considered as most striking in relation to ones practice include the need to practice in accordance with legislation affecting nursing practice and health care as well as the need to practice within a professional and ethical nursing framework (ANMC, 2006). These two sub-classifications are worthy to note because of the fact that moral and legal conflicts often complicate decision making in nursing practice. Nurses are typically confronted with conflicting scenarios which are often both important things to consider. The only dilemma is which of the two must be the top priority. For instance, taking care of a patient who refuses any form of treatment poses a legal dilemma on the part of the nurs e. This is especially true because the ANMC (2006) competency standards direct nurses to recognise and accept the rights of others. On one side, there is the professional desire of the nurse to help the patient by initiating treatment. On the other hand, legal ethics dictate that patients have the right to refuse treatment. In ones personal experience, taking care of a patient whose religion does not allow blood transfusion is a real dilemma. In this particular scenario, the nurse was torn between educating the patient to eventually accept treatment or simply respect the refusal of treatment and just relate to the patient the possible consequences of such refusal. It was clear in the nurses mind that the ANMC (2006) dictates one to accept individuals or groups regardless of race, culture, religion, age, gender, sexual preference, physical or mental state. Furthermore, there is the need to practise in a manner that acknowledges the dignity, culture, values, beliefs and rights of indi viduals or groups (ANMC, 2006). Unfortunately, this is easier said than done especially when one of the above mentioned factors goes against or impedes a crucial treatment that may actually save a patients life. It is true that religious faith is often invoked by patients when their health and wellbeing is threatened. According to Andrews and Boyle (2008) religion is especially crucial to patients during periods of health crisis. Although, adhering to a particular religion is mostly viewed as a positive concept for patients; unfortunately, such adherence does not always result into a positive outcome. It can hinder the patients acceptance to treatment and care. This points out to another important aspect of competence and that is, a deeper understanding of cultural diversity. In line with this, Cherry Jacob (2005) state that health professionals which naturally include nurses, need to respond to the consequences of an increasing cultural diversity of nursing clientele in order to s afeguard the welfare of all health care consumers. Different values and beliefs are adhered to by patients. Community, social and kinship ties, language, religion, food and cultural perceptions of health and wellness are all matters of importance that need to be understood by the nurse when working with culturally diverse patients (Daniels, 2004). Cultural diversity challenges nurses to triumph over cultural gaps with patients by providing culturally appropriate care (Daniels, 2004). Cultural competence is the process whereby a nurse provides care that is suitable to the clients cultural context (Daniels, 2004). In essence, cultural competence is important in the practice of nursing. A nurse is only truly competent if he or she can knowingly handle patients whose entire value system is different from his or her own but still manages to establish and maintain a therapeutic relationship that paves way for effective implementation of nursing actions. Another important issue within the sphere of the first domain of professional practice implies the need to question and/or clarify orders and decisions that are unclear, not understood or questionable (ANMC, 2006). Moreover, there is the necessity to question and/or clarify interventions that appear inappropriate with relevant members of the health care team (ANMC, 2006). In following this directive, a nurse may often hesitate to question the validity of a particular intervention whether it was given by a fellow nurse or by some other health care professional such as a doctor. In ones own practice, hesitation comes from the desire not to create a conflict and bad blood with colleagues and fellow members of the health care team. Unfortunately, in abiding the directive of questioning particular actions of another when deemed inappropriate will more often than not cause some form of disagreement or clash between the professionals. Inter-professional conflicts have been documented since the time of Florence Nightingale (Kalisch Kalisch, 1977 cited in Coombs, 2004). In ones personal experience, the common escape route for this possible conflict is to question an order by way of politely suggesting an alternative which in reality is not an alternative but a recommendation to abolish the questioned order. For example, in questioning a doctors order, the nurse would typically suggest to the doctor the need for the latter to also consider some other assessed patient data with the hope that the doctor will realise that he or she made a mistake instead of directly asking the doctor why he or she prescribed such seemingly inappropriate order. It is an extremely rare scenario where a nurse openly recommends to the doctor to change what the latter has ordered. The subservience of nurses over doctors is a scenario that is very common especially in areas where doctors and nurses are in constant interaction with each other which if pondered upon occurs in almost all areas of a health institution. This particular doctor-nurse type of interaction is referred to as a doctor-nurse game (Stein, 1967 cited in Stein-Parbury, 2008). The doctor-nurse game described over 30 years ago persists in the communication patterns of some doctors and nurses ( Knox Simpson, 2004). In line with this issue, a truly competent nurse knows how to play the game well. He or she is able to question other professionals actions if necessary without causing unhealthy disagreements among them. Effective team behavior operates when health care providers communicate openly and courteously with each other ( Wolf, 2006). The second domain focuses on the implications of researching for evidence based practice (ANMC, 2006). This domain also points out the obligation to participate in ongoing professional development of self and others (ANMC, 2006). In ones own practice of nursing, continuing professional education has always been ones primary goals. It is a way of empowering oneself to be able to keep up with the trends in the practice of nursing. Attending formal and informal lectures and orientations makes one feel more competent. In essence, competence entails seeking out continuing professional education in order to build up a well founded source of knowledge and skills that will be necessary in coping with the dynamic changes in healthcare. Continuing education is intended to ensure health care practitioners knowledge is current (Griscti, 2006). In the advent of modern technology and skyrocketing increase for the demand of high quality care, nurses must be keen in upgrading or at least maintaining the current accepted level of competency required upon them. The high competency required upon nurses is only natural considering the fact that nurses are at the forefront of health care delivery. Nurses who stay abreast of new information and apply evidence-based theory to their practice will be able to provide competent, quality care to their patients (Valloze, 2009). This is the reason why competence is such a crucial issue in the practice of nursing. The salient component of the third domain relates the significance of the nursing process which naturally includes conducting a comprehensive and systematic assessment, planning and implementing safe and effective evidence based nursing care, and then evaluating the expected outcomes (ANMC, 2006). To simply describe it, the nursing process is a problem-solving technique (Carpenito-Moyet, 2007). It is a step by step strategy utilised by a nurse in solving patient problems that come within the scope of nursing practice. In ones own practice of nursing, the tricky part of nursing process is the nursing assessment. Nursing assessment may be defined as the systematic and continuous collection and analysis of information about patients (Rosdahl Kowalski, 2007). It is difficult to confidently say that one has thoroughly assessed a patient. It is because one needs to consider a wide array of factors. There is also the burden to ensure that ones assessment is comprehensive in as much as it b ecomes the basis of nursing and medical interventions. In connection to this, competency in nursing comes when one is able to collect and distinguish which patient information is important and which can be discarded. The care of patients is dependent upon the competency of the nurse is assessing those signs and symptoms that are related to the patients medical condition. For the fourth domain, what is most relevant to ones practice are the need to establish and maintain therapeutic relationship with patients and the necessity to collaborate with other health care professionals in providing comprehensive nursing care (ANMC, 2006). As a nurse, building and sustaining a therapeutic relationship with patients is important. It is the initial step in obtaining patients trust and confidence. Dossey Keegan (2009) declare that it is an important part of nursing care. In an effective therapeutic relationship, patients feel the genuine support of nurses while the nurses feel a certain degree of satisfaction in his or her role (Dossey Keegan, 2009). Initiating a therapeutic relationship with patients is in compliance the ANMC (2006) requirement of undertaking assessments which are sensitive to the needs of individuals or groups. Competency standards in this domain includes that a nurse has the ability to address the physiological, psychological, physical, emot ional and spiritual needs of patients and significant others as well as to optimize the physical and non-physical environment ( Dunn, Lawson Robertson, 2000). A competent nurse always begins his or her interventions by establishing a therapeutic relationship with patients that will increase efficacy of succeeding interventions. The ANF competency standards consist of 3 domains namely conceptualises practice, adapts practice and leads practice (ANF, 2005). As an experienced practitioner, one can meet these competency standards by reflecting on ones own experiences and placing these experiences in correct perspective for future reference. One can learn how to better provide nursing care for a particular scenario by reflecting on previous experiences that are similar to the one currently confronted with. What is required in order to meet the competency standards contained within the first domain is self-reflection. Self-reflection activities are an essential component of expert nursing practice (Dossey Keegan, 2009). This self-reflection; however, must be coupled with formal continuing development or education plus implementation of researches of relevant issues in nursing practice. This is because of the fact that this domain requires use the best available evidence and health and/or nursing models (ANF, 200 5). Research in nursing will help in identifying evidence-based nursing practice (Polit Beck, 2004). For the second domain, one can satisfy the competency standards contained within by being dynamic in finding out possible reliable sources that will support a particular method of rendering nursing care. This is because the second domain directs nurses to draw on a wide repertoire of knowledge and processes to tailor nursing practice in complex and challenging clinical situations (ANF, 2005). Furthermore, as an experienced practitioner, one needs to further upgrade ones technical skills in handling subordinates if any and in abiding by institution policies more strictly. One must also develop how to predict possible scenarios which may result from interventions implemented. The third domain of the ANF competency standards relates the concept of promoting and improving nursing practice through leadership. Definitely, as an experienced practitioner there have been many instances when one has asserted oneself as the leader of the group in order to smoothly direct patient care. For an experienced practitioner to successfully meet the third domain, one must hone ones leadership skills. Honing ones leadership skills does not necessarily mean that one should always act as the team leader. In becoming a leader one must also experience being a member and under the authority of another professionals leadership. The leadership often invoked in this domain is one that solicits active participation of the members. This implies a collaborative leader. Milstead Furlong (2006) state that a collaborative leader is what is most sought in todays health care system. Conclusion To sum up, true professional nursing competence requires accumulation of evidence based knowledge and skills. It also entails understanding cultural diversity and how it affects the kind of care that must be provided. Competence is also equated with genuine care. The ANMC competency standards are crucial in directing the way nurses must think and act. In the same light, the ANF competency standards help experienced nurses to become even better. These competency standards may be idealistic but it is certainly realistic and attainable if only nurses give more of their time reflecting on their own practice and in trying to assimilate through actions these competency standards.

Research Paper :: essays papers

Research Paper â€Å"As a child, I loved athletics and physical activities. I was talented, but my talent was not appreciated or approved of by most. I watched my brothers compete on school teams. It didn't matter that in the neighborhood pick-up games, I was selected before my brothers. Society dictated that I should watch, and that they should compete. So at home in the backyard, I would catch as my brother worked on his curve ball, I would shag flies as he developed his batting prowess and, as I recall, I frequently served as his tackling dummy. The brother I caught and shagged for, and for whom I served as a tackling dummy, went on to Georgetown University on a full athletic grant. He later became vice president of a large banking firm. So, while I rode in the back seat on the bus of opportunity during my lifetime, I want my daughter's daughter and her peers to be able to select a seat based on their abilities and their willingness to work. Don't deny them the things that I dreamed of."-- Exce rpts of a letter sent to OCR in spring 1995 by Joan Martin, Senior Associate Director of Athletics, Monmouth University, New Jersey In April of 1993 the film The Sandlot premiered. The movie took place in 1963 when a group of 12-year-old boys spent their summer playing baseball at the local sandlot. In one particular scene in the movie, the boys got in a verbal dispute with a team of 12 year olds from the privileged side of town. The argument was over who was the more skilled baseball players. The camera switched back and forth from one kid to another as they exchanged insults. Then the camera stopped dramatically. One of the boys said the most heinous thing any young male can say to another, â€Å"You play ball like a girl!† It was like the other boy had just been hit with a bullet. The eyes of all the other boys involved in the argument widened and their jaws dropped. All that was heard were gasps from the rest of the kids in the movie. In 1963 that was the feeling of many people. The insult, â€Å"You play ball like a girl†, was one of the biggest insults a male could ever give anyone. Ho wever, since 1972 the Title IX law has changed many people’s opinions on females in the athletic world.

Lyotard on the Kantian Sublime :: Sublime Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Lyotard on the Kantian Sublime ABSTRACT: In this essay I explicate J.F. Lyotard's reading of the Kantian sublime as presented in Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime (1994) and in "Answering the Question: What is Postmodernism" (1984). Lessons articulates the context in which critical thought situates itself as a zone of virtually infinite creative capacity, undetermined by principles but in search of them; "Answering the Question" explores how the virtually infinite creative capacity of thought manifests in the avant-gardes. Essentially, in both works Lyotard understands the Kantian sublime as legitimating deconstructive postmodernism. In the Critique of Judgement Kant defines the sublime as "that, the mere ability to think which shows a faculty of the mind surpassing every standard of sense." (1) Such striving for absolute comprehension beyond what the imagination is capable of representing in a simple perception or image may be occasioned by the "rawness" of scenes like the Great Pyramid of Cheops, the magnitude or immensity of which alludes to the Idea of absolute greatness. (2) Imagination's failure to contain this Idea understandably results in pain. (3) But pain is not the end-point; characteristic of sublime feeling is a "movement" of pain to pleasure: "the feeling of a momentary checking of the vital powers and a consequent stronger outflow of them." (4) In other words one is awestruck: nature appears as a "mere nothing in comparison with the Ideas of Reason." (5) From this we realize our superiority to nature "within and without us" and our supersensible destination beyond nature. (6) In this paper I wish to explicate J-F. Lyotard's reading of the Kantian sublime. There are lessons to be learned here, as the title of his recent work (1994), Lessons on the Analytic of the Sublime, suggests. Essentially, the heuristic function of the sublime is to expose reflective judgment (of which sublime feeling is a species) as the context in which the critical enterprise functions or as the "manner" in which critical thought situates its own a priori conditions. (7) The Kantian sublime may teach us something else: In an earlier work (1984), "Answering the Question: What is Postmodernism?," Lyotard views the sublime as legitimating the avant-garde as way of extending the critical enterprise to the arts. The method behind the madness of the avant-gardes, Lyotard contends, is incomprehensible unless one is already familiar with "the incommensurability of reality to concept which is implied in the Kantian philosophy of the sublime.

Critical Analysis Essay Essay

This section contains a summary of the article â€Å"What Cost Chris Dussold His Dream Job?† In his introduction, Bartlett explains how Mr.Dussold was a professor at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville and was fired for â€Å"copying another professor’s teaching statement.† But further explains that Mr.Dussold says â€Å"that was not the real reason he was fired† and that â€Å"Now Mr.Dussold is on a crusade to restore his reputation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he goes on to explain how Mr.Dussold lands the dream job he wanted which was going smoothly until one day when a rumor started. Mr.Dussold tries many ways to make the rumor stop happening and assure everyone it is not true. Bartlett tells you about how the university does investigations on the rumor and what Mr.Dussold does to try and clear his name. Describing later on how the investigation ended and explain why Dussold ends up suing the college for false termination. Arguments See more: how to write a critical analysis outline The main purpose of this article written by Bartlett is to help prove the innocence of Mr.Dussold and give the side of Dussold’s story behind the rumor made against him. Trying to make an ethical argument Bartlett tells how Dussold’s reputation is put into question. According to the article Bartlett describes how Dussold had gone to Southern Illinois as a student and had offers from other colleges to work there but took the job at SIUE because â€Å"It felt like coming home.† In fact he said â€Å"‘I used to tell them I would take this job for nothing,’† and how many of his students and colleagues enjoyed working with him. Dussold tried to steer clear of arguments with others and then out of nowhere a rumor is started the ruins his character as a teacher. Bartlett also elucidates that Dussold whole life started changing after this rumor had been started. The author states that Dussold who was once an outgoing professor but once the rumor started, allegations were made about  him which led him to start questioning everyone and everything around him â€Å"Every interaction now carried a question mark: Who believes the rumor?†¦Were there more?† Each day these questions were rattling around in his head, not knowing the answer to any of them. Eventually he starts going into his own shell trying to not cause any more problems in his life â€Å"The once-outgoing professor started keeping to himself.† The rumors started making Dussold stressed showing us an emotional argument. Author Style Bartlett starts out describing how Dussold has told this story many times, saying how he was fired, how he was escorted and how he felt hopeless. â€Å"But even after two years and numerous retellings, the emotion still sneaks up on him.† But does not give the full story away making you curious and wanting to read more. He also goes on to mention that he was fired for â€Å"plagiarism† but he felt that, that was not the true reason. Dussold believes the reason is because a rumor that had start but was not true, and vouched to clear his name. â€Å"No matter what you think of Mr. Dussold†¦you can’t dent his zeal: He is a man on a mission.† Though Bartlett tells you this information he still leaves out the main details like what the rumor is or how Mr. Dussold is going to prove his side of the story making this an intriguing contradiction. Bartlett writes this story in order of the events that had happened besides his brief explanation in the introduction. In the first passage of this article Bartlett explains how Dussold used to be a student at SIUE and was ecstatic when he was offered a job there â€Å"’I used to tell them I’d take this job for nothing,’† going on to say how he and his colleagues as well as his students were getting along well and his life was going good. Later on you find out about how Dussold’s life has been turned upside down due to a rumor starting accusing him of having sexual activities with a student that was in one of his after school clubs, †Every interaction now carried a question mark,†. Eventually you learn that Dussold get the dean involved who does his own investigation and later on fires but not for the rumor, but because of plagiarism of another professors work. Dussold turns back around after getting fired and sues them because he believes he was truly fired because of the rumor, and how he now has a new job and a college not far from SIUE, â€Å"He remains convinced that it was the rumor-and the fear that he  would sue-that led to his firing. And he believes he can prove that in court.† Response This story was unconvincing due to the fact that Bartlett says Dussold claims to be fired because the rumor was started. Then Bartlett just explains everything surrounding the rumor and never exaggerates on the actual reason he got fired, which was plagiarism. It is also unbelievable since it says Ms. Peyla, the student from the rumor, decided at one point to just go on with the rumor and report that it was true. Not many people would willingly just agree with a rumor that is potentially life ruining if it were not true. This article could have been more convincing if other professors or students had been included in the story. This would have helped because the more witnesses the more proof of what really happened and that usually would help in deciding if a person is guilty or not judging from an article about their situation.

“9” by E.E. Cummings Analysis Essay

Edward Estlin Cummings was a unique poet with an equally unique writing style. E. E. Cummings was born on October 14th, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1916, Cummings graduated with a master’s degree from Harvard University. During his studies, he was subject to many great writers such as Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound. After working for five months as a volunteer ambulance driver in World War I, he was captured by French authorities. He was accused on accounts of espionage. After the war, he settled into a life in which he bounced around from houses in rural Connecticut and Greenwich Village. He also traveled through Europe meeting various poets and artists, including Pablo Picasso. During his life, Cummings won a number of awards for his unique style of writing. At the time of his death in 1962, he was the second most widely read poet in the United States, only behind Robert Frost. In this essay, we will discuss three distinct features of his writing that made it so unique. These features included literary devices, imagery, and symbolism. One of the most prominent poetic devices in E. E. Cummings poem, â€Å"9†, is alliteration. This literary device is obvious throughout the poem. For example, in the first stanza, â€Å"There are so many tic-toc clocks everywhere telling people what tic-toc time it is, for tic-toc instance, five toc minutes toc past six tic† (Cummings Web). Cummings uses the phrase tic-toc, and other variations of that to create a sense of repetition. This fits nicely into what the major theme of the poem is. Cummings believes that watching and keeping track of time gets repetitive. Through alliteration, Cummings creates a sense of repetition while summarizing the overwhelming theme of the poem. Another major poetic device Cummings uses in his poem â€Å"9† is imagery. Cummings makes use of descriptive phrases that practically paint a picture in the reader’s mind. For example, â€Å"Spring is not regulated and does not get out of order, nor do its hands a little jerking move over numbers slowly† (Cummings Web). The section â€Å"Its hand a little jerking move over numbers slowly,† instantly gives the reader the image of a clock. In the way he conveys this, it’s clear that he feels time is moving very slowly. In the third stanza, â€Å"We do not wind it up, it has no weights, spring wheels inside of its slender self, no indeed dear nothing of the kind† (Cummings Web), Cummings creates vivid imagery. This shows that Cummings is relating how he has no use for a clock and doesn’t care for the principle of keeping time. He would rather live life time free, without having to worry about being on time or being late. The third and final poetic device that shows up in the poem, â€Å"9†, is symbolism. To begin the poem Cummings uses symbolism. The number â€Å"9† refers to the number of times he uses the words, â€Å"tic-toc†, â€Å"toc-tic†, â€Å"tic-tic†, â€Å"toc†, and â€Å"tic†. Also, as seen in the fourth stanza, â€Å"So when kiss spring comes, we’ll kiss each kiss other on kiss the kiss lips because the tic clocks toc don’t make a toc-tic difference to kiss kiss you and to kiss me† (Cummings Web). Cummings uses the word â€Å"kiss† to complicate and clutter the verse. If you remove those words, he simply summarizes all of his thoughts in the last stanza. He says when spring comes; we can kiss because the clocks don’t make a difference to you and me. This symbolizes that Cummings can’t wait for the spring and summer months when the clocks don’t play a role in his life. In conclusion, Cummings uses his poem â€Å"9† to relay his feeling to time. He feels that clocks are constantly telling people what time it is, that they are too late or too early. He believes they should be allowed freedom, which the clocks don’t seem to give. In the summer, however, the clocks don’t matter because it’s a time for relaxation and fun. He could really care less about the clocks.

Health Minister Datuk Chua Jui Meng Essay

Not many Americans actually read the nutrition facts on the labels of the products when they shop at supermarkets. As well as most of them consume junk food on daily basis. American society is caught up in the world where everything has to come fast, from the electronics to fast food restaurants. Nowadays, nobody packs lunch, people got so used to going out and buying sandwich at Mc Donald’s or Carl’s Jr. only for a dollar something. Nobody needs spend time cooking, nobody needs to drive far. Fast food restaurants are on every corner offering everyone cheap and fast food. However, most of those restaurants use genetically modified meat. Health Minister Datuk Chua Jui Meng revealed that Ministry survey found 51% of the chicken samples which were bought from different town places to contain nitrofuran at levels up to 4,000% above the Veterinary Department’s guideline level. Genetically modified foods not only have great impact and harm on humans but also on the animals and environment and global economy. Genetically-modified foods (GM foods) have made a big splash in the news lately. European environmental organizations and public interest groups have been actively protesting against GM foods for months, and recent controversial studies about the effects of genetically-modified corn pollen on monarch butterfly caterpillars1, 2 have brought the issue of genetic engineering to the forefront of the public consciousness in the U. S. Mutation of animal’s DNA has stress on animal. Cows, pigs and especially chickens suffer great impact on their bodies. Chickens are not able to fly and walk because of the growth hormones that make them grow within days. Hormone makes them grow fat; however they are unable to develop strong bones or muscles. Hormones and other â€Å"growth helpers† have also potential human health impacts, including allergens, transfer of antibiotic resistance markers, mutation on genetic level, cancer. For years, people have unknowingly eaten hamburgers and other ground beef containing filler- beef trimming mixed with ammonium hydroxide gas- to kill bacteria and salmonella. It has also been routinely served in school, and until recently some fast-food burgers were made with meat with pink slime. There is also impact on the environment, transformation of crops that animals eat. Animals eat genetically modified crops that develop harmful diseases in their bodies. For example, piglets drink milk with synthetic gene that increases their growth however harms their immune system. Pesticides that are added to watering system of the crops, help crops grow better and faster, however take the enzymes that make them be healthy and organic. Farm animals that eat nonorganic food don’t get enough nutrients to their body. Americans need to start thinking about their health. Many people in America are obese and have diabetes. The main reason is because they eat junk food, and junk food meat and crops are genetically modified. In our society nowadays no one wants to accept that a hamburger for one dollar is not good food. Its only cheese in a mouse trap. It is cheap but it is not organic, it doesn’t have nutrients your body needs, it’s complete fat. People and FDA need to take serious action, we need to notify people about what they are eating. We need to advertise and support law that will enforce labeling on genetically modified foods. Americans need to start thinking about their future generations and their health. If right now percentage is so high on people who have diabetes type two, think about what it is going to be in future ten years? We all need to stand up and fight for what is right. Farm animals, environment and humans suffer great loss from the hormones and antibiotics that farmers supply them with. On biological level enzymes and DNA change. Therefore, we change our bodies without thinking twice about it. Society needs to be informed about consequences. GM foods are much cheaper, grow faster and have better resistance. Even though GM food is more accessible, it doesn’t always mean it is healthy for a person. Many statistics show that people become obese and have higher percentage of cholesterol because they consume GM foods. Increased food security for growing populations. Foods that have pesticides in them can develop not only biological transformation in animal cells, but also human cells. But there is also new products growing techniques. New techniques can be only helpful to corporations to produce bigger amounts of food products. People can have more products and store and will never run out. So, corporations can produce foods on massive scale (no starvation for people). Even though, corporations will get richer, they will harm the human health. FDA doesn’t restrict factories from adding growth hormones, steroids and antibiotics to animals and crops. Based on the research that I gathered there were a lot of things that shocked me. I never knew that meat we eat is awfully generated like that. Poor farm animals die from their obese bodies and pills that people supply them with. No matter, how many counter arguments a person can say, It is not right to torture animal like that. And not only animals suffer such awful treatments. Humans as well get sickness and diseases from eating awful food like that. Many big corporations argue using advertisement that it prevents crops and animals for having extra diseases when they take antibiotics or growth hormones. However, that way animal’s body changes its course of growing. For example, image humans grow as fast as chicken grown in nine days, it will be awful. But what is very funny, that people who eat those kinds of foods get really obese over small period of time. Farmers say that there is more nutritious in genetically modified foods, I disagree. Studies have proven that only organic meets have all the nutrients that a person needs. Genetically modified food has many effects on human health. Person can develop diseases such as diabetes, heart problems and liver failure. I don’t think so parents want their future generations to suffer and die from chronic diseases that come from what they eat. At this point, every American consumes genetically modified food on daily basis. Even if the label on the apple doesn’t say that some kind of hormone was used to increase the growth, still everyone knows that apples don’t grow in the middle of January in Wyoming. Many supermarkets try to advertise that the meat they sell is organic, however not every label says that antibiotics were given to the animal when it was growing. Society and FDA needs to take actions and help local stores to produce more organic products. Work cited â€Å"Antibiotic Use in Animal Agriculture Is Dangerous and Unnecessary. † An HSUS Report: Human Health Implications of Non-Therapeutic Antibiotic Use in Animal Agriculture. Humane Society of the United States, 2009. Rpt. in Antibiotics. Noah Berlatsky. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Opposing Viewpoints. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. Web ElBoghdady, Dina. â€Å"Judge Orders FDA to Revisit Decision Not to Ban Some Antibiotics in Animal Feed. † Washington Post 5 June 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 6 Nov. 2012. Web TWN Third World Network. â€Å"The dangers of antibiotics in animals feed† by Martin is the Director of the Third World Network. Web We are what we eat, so beware of additives. † Philadelphia Inquirer [Philadelphia, PA] 31 Mar. 2012. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. Byline: Melanie Burney. Web Kaufman, Marc. â€Å"Worries Rise Over Effect of Antibiotics in Animal Feed; Humans Seen Vulnerable To Drug-Resistant Germs. † Washington Post 17 Mar. 2000: A01. Gale.

History of Moulin Rouge

Carefree life, Fickleness and Joie de Vivre†¦ Those are the three words that could best sum up this unique period in the History of France. It was a rest between two wars, a period of transition between two centuries, during which the social barriers collapsed, when the industrial revolution gave hope of a better life for all, in a rich cultural profusion and that promised much fun. The middle-class mixed with the riffraff, the popular culture was enhanced in a contented disorder full of joy and vitality. In that atmosphere, which favored artistic creativity, literary circles appeared and disappeared according to people meetings, while painters and drawers got especially inspired by this joyful sometimes outrageous but full of fancy atmosphere that broke completely with the rigid classicism of that period. Moulin Rogue takes place in Montmarte (an area within the city of Paris). Crowning the Montmartre- based world of commercial entertainment was Joseph Oller and Charles Zidler’s landmark music hall, the Moulin Rouge. When the Moulin Rouge opened its door on the Place Blanche at the foot of Montmartre on the 6th of October 1889, all Paris turned out. Highbrow and lowbrow society alike mobbed the ‘Palace of Women’ before the paintwork was dry on its extravagantly decorated interior. The Moulin Rouge’s decor, by Montmartre painter Adolphe Willette, its exotic colour, form and the being became an overnight legend. Besides the immense dance hall complete with galleries to watch the dance floor and an orchestra mounted above the stage, there was a garden with another stage, cafe tables, cavorting monkeys and unstockinged prostitutes riding donkeys. Also in the garden, a giant elephant (gleaned when the Universal Exhibition of 1889 terminated, housed an Arabian themed club inside its body. Male clients entered via the elephant’s leg where a spiral staircase opened onto belly dancing performances, an orchestra and an opium den. Making a radical break with the century’s relentless class divisions, a microcosm of Parisian society rubbed shoulder in scandalous proximity. European royalty, ambassadors, politicians, industrialists and magistrates lummed it with celebrity courtesans, can-can girls and workers. The local Montmartre Bohemians and the cocottes and noctambules (prostitutes), pimps, madams and thieves who were their neighbors were also out in force. Within the Moulin’s velvet draped walls, the aromas of women’s scent, face powder, tobacco and beer mingled as promiscuously as the audience in a class of their own were the courtesans, a social phenomena that all but died out with the end of the Bell e Epoque and the beginning of World War 1. Though springing from the same working class as the prostitutes, the more celebrated courtesans were distinguished by the length and high-style of the relationships they formed (with, near exclusively, the elite of Europe). Like today’s film, stars and supermodels, were also coltishly observed by press and public. But, if the Moulin Rouge quickly established its reputation as the most exotic sex market in Paris, it also represented a kind of cultural and social revolution.

Applications For Integrated Circuits Information Technology Essay

Applications For Integrated Circuits Information Technology Essay An integrated circuit is the name for collections of electronic components imbedded onto a single piece of silicon. Silicon is the base for most transistors, diodes and other semiconductors. It can also be used as a resistor, capacitor and coil. Each IC is designed to carry out certain tasks and the circuit is designed accordingly. The circuit is then printed or etched onto the silicon substrate and then into a plastic or ceramic enclosure. Applications Applications for integrated circuits are as varied as the imagination of the designers. Within limits, anything that can be designed and built with discrete components can be put into an IC. Audio amplifier, video processors, logic, memory, switches, radio frequency encoders and decoders are just a few examples. The range of IC applications is vast and growing daily. One of the major applications is computing. Computers that once had thousands of transistors have been reduced to a handful of ICs. The early computers that were the siz e of a building are now outperformed in almost every way by laptops and even handheld computers because of the use if ICs As ICs are developed, the design costs and production costs of equipment are reducing. Reliability increases as large parts of the final product are enclosed in single packages, reducing assembly errors, connection problems and size of circuit boards. It is now rare to see any electronic equipment that does not have at least one IC. Indeed, some have only one IC and require no other components of any kind. The real answer to the question is to look around. Wherever electronics are used, there is probably an IC inside Many integrated circuits can be found in almost every  electronic device. They function as timers, amplifiers, logic units, counters, calculators, temperature sensors, and radio receivers. Integrated circuit of  Atmel  Diopsis 740System on Chip  showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips (EPROM  memor y) with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. Note the fine silver-colored wires that connect the integrated circuit to the pins of the package. The window allows the memory contents of the chip to be erased, by exposure to strong  ultraviolet light  in an eraser device. In  electronics, an  integrated circuit  (also known as  IC,  chip, or  microchip) is a miniaturized  electronic circuit  (consisting mainly of  semiconductor devices, as well as  passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin  substrate  of  semiconductor  material. Integrated circuits are used in almost all electronic equipment in use today and have revolutionized the world of electronics.  Computers,  cellular phones, and other  digital  appliances  are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of production of integrated circuits. A  hybrid integrated circuit  is a miniat urized electronic circuit constructed of individual semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board. A monolithic integrated circuit is made of devices manufactured by diffusion of trace elements into a single piece of semiconductor substrate, a chip.

Conflict and Effects on Economic Development Essay

Conflict and Effects on Economic Development - Essay Example Especially, the past decade has experienced a significant increase in the study of matters to do with conflict. The main observation conflict has on economic growth of the nation. Even though, conflict might result in poor economic performance, the inverse relationship is equally reliable. Therefore, this contradicts the findings. Furthermore, very little is recognized relating to the post-conflict recovery. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to conduct econometric evaluation for both. This study will be narrow down to Afghanistan’s conflict. Drawing my conclusion form an economic hypothetical point of view, is that there is no agreement about the effect of conflict on the general economic performance. The neo-classical theory forecasts that the economy period takes minimal time. The alternative models claim that the catch-up period takes a longer period because the recovery rate of the human is slower. It is attributed to the country being trapped within a lower positioned equilibrium. The current evidence supports each side of the argument by providing the support. A possible explanation of the two depends on the nature of the data in use. A use of data of data from various countries reveals that a number of factors that are necessary for determining the relationship will be unattended to. The rate of economic recuperation may be dependent on the kind of damage brought about by the conflict. However, it was dependant on two factors, whether the conflict was between countries that depend on their soldiers or within the country among factions of its community. The use of micro-level statistics acts as a more reliable means reason being the initially unobservable aspects become observable. For the purpose of further clarification, more information is in the literature review section, detailing the effect of conflict on the economy.

Patriot Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Patriot Act - Research Paper Example The Department of Justice designed and developed the drafts for this new law. This legislation is intended to fortify the measures and reinforce the available tools to deal with domestic and international terrorism. It also provides a number of new techniques to the Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation and federal prosecutors (Jenks). Under these interventions, the US agencies can identify and prosecute terrorist networks at the national and international levels. Central to the US PATRIOT Act is its unique feature of streamlining communications between the different agencies addressing terrorism and terrorist activities. This Act has simplified the task of investigation and surveillance, by introducing less involved procedures. Funding for the victims of terrorist acts and the families of such victims has been substantially enhanced under the provisions of this exemplary Act. Moreover, it provides ample funds for reconstructing infrastructure and business that had been destroyed or damaged by terrorism (Fritscher). This Act has been sub – divided into 10 sections or titles. These titles consist of several sections that explain the provisions of that particular title. A concrete definition is provided in the titles and sections to the federal government. The aim of this delineation is to clarify the powers conferred upon the enforcement agencies, with regard to the investigation of terrorist activities. It is important to note that the provisions of the US PATRIOT Act also contain several checks and balances that are aimed at preventing the abuse of power (Fritscher). Argument 1 The USA PATRIOT Act establishes special scrutiny measures for foreign jurisdictions. Thus, enforcement officials can prosecute international terrorist organizations and foreign financial institutions. It also empowers them to deal with certain classes of international transactions and accounts, if these are suspected of being put to criminal use. This Act r equires all international financial service agencies to monitor their transactions and to report any instances of money laundering. The Act further strengthens measures to prevent the misuse of the US financial system for personal gains, by corrupt foreign officials (USA PATRIOT Act). In addition, it provides mechanisms to repatriate stolen assets to the country to which they belong. Prior to the enactment of the US PATRIOT Act, the law enforcement agencies of the US had found it very difficult to take direct action, in order to prevent acts of terrorism or to monitor terrorist activity in the country. It was believed in many quarters that substantial alterations had to be made to the existing laws, if the contemporary terrorist organizations were to be dealt with in a competent manner (Patriot Act 2001). These terrorist organizations, such as the notorious al Qaeda, were very well organized and had access to the highly sophisticated contemporary communications technology. The propo nents of increased domestic surveillance have rightly claimed that the harm caused by the possibility of breach of the rights of the US citizens was insignificant. This was in comparison to the immeasurable harm that terrorists could inflict upon the nation, by taking advantage of the absence of domestic surveillance. Such surveillance is indispensable if another terrorist attack of the

Multinational Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Multinational Finance - Essay Example The cost of capital is the expected return that is required on investments to compensate you for the required risk. However, the cost of capital of a company is affected by various factors. All these factors are discussed in detailed in the forthcoming paragraphs. Capital Structure decisions are a significant managerial decision which influences the risk and return of the investors. Basically, the main goal of any company would be none other than maximization of present shareholder value. In order to achieve this goal, the capital structure decisions that are taken by a company should result in positive net present value which means that the "present value of the expected cash inflow less the present value of the required capital expenditures (NetMBA.com, 2002)." The company will have to plan its capital structure at the time of promotion itself and also subsequently whenever it has to raise additional funds for various new projects (Blackwell publishing, 2003). Wherever the company needs to raise finance, it involves a capital structure decision because it has to decide the amount o finance to be raised as well as the source from which it is to be raised. The advent of globalization has also got its influence on the cost of equity capital of a company. Let us suppose that a firm is planning to raise equity in order to finance a particular investment. ... In order to succeed in this process, the managers initially need to convince the shareholders that the investment is worthwhile and it would yield cash flows that are expected but in reality, managers face a plethora of difficulties in convincing the shareholders. This is because due to the advent of globalization, the knowledge levels of managers of modern organizations have grown drastically and they have the information about the investments of the firm which the shareholders lack (Stulz, 1999). There are very many global risk factors which affect the cost of capital of a company. In order to investigate the effect of such factors over the cost of capital, alternative asset pricing models like international Capital asset pricing model etc, need to be assessed (Koedijk, et al., 2004)(Nagel, 2007). Exchange rates also have an impact on the cost of capital. Studies reveal that exchange rate flucutation have an impact on the relative wealth position of different countries of the world and hence they inturn effect the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (Munisamy Gopinath, 1998). The wealth position of international investors/firms is increased in contrast with that of domestic investors when the dollar depreciates. This is becasue they hold their investments in non-dollar denominated currencies. However, this aspect reduces the relative cost of capital of international firms (Munisamy Gopinath, 1998). Net present value is the most important criteria on which most of the firms rely when planning to invest or undertake a new project. Some firms alternatively rely upon rules like the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback period and Profitability index

Strategic Marketing Plan Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Marketing Plan Master - Essay Example Therefore business strategy includes all activities a company undertakes to achieve its mission, marshal its resources to derive competitive advantage within a dynamic environment. Organizations, which can continuously anticipate, adapt and innovate to meet changing trends in the environment and customer expectations are said to have a vision. This vision, otherwise known as long term focus enables them to be continuously successful and deliver value to their stakeholders. Johnson et al. include two additional features, one, the long-term focus, the other, defining its scope, in their definition of strategy. They define strategy as "the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a changing environment and to fulfil stakeholder expectations" (2004:10). Radiant Services Company Inc. (RSC) is a taxation consultancy servicing individuals and business organizations by offering them advice all areas of taxation. ... RSC considers that its service offering of tax planning would help it build long-term relationships with its customers by making the company an indispensable integral part of management and financial planning. RSC's customers appreciate the value of taxation and financial planning and are cognizant of the lost opportunity costs if they do not seek expertise in these areas. Changes in the market dynamics like increased competition, simplification of tax laws, the advent of information technology solutions to complex problems pose a long term threat to the company especially because of high dependence on one area of financial consulting. The company realises the necessity to diversify to achieve stability and sustain growth in the dynamic environment. The company's customer base may be categorized into three categories. The first is the individual taxpayer category, which offers consistent revenues. Of this again 20% consists of customers who seek advice on tax planning and investment portfolios. The rest seek advice only tax planning. The second category comprises of organizations that employ less than forty employees. These organizations have annual sales in the range of $250,000 to $3,000,000, privately owned, mostly around San Francisco and are the fastest growing segment within RSC's customer base. RSC considers that it would be a profitable long-term strategy to hitch to these organizations and grow along with them. The third and most important segment for RSC's current revenues comprises the organizations that employ more than forty employees. They generate the highest revenues on 'per-hour' basis and seek the widest range of consultancy services from RSC in the areas of taxation

History of International Terrorism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History of International Terrorism - Assignment Example s throughout the world and how different religious-extremist or nationalist groups that are still active contribute to the history of international terrorism.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People often tend to think that terrorism did not exist before the 9/11 incident, that is not true. The roots of terrorism are deep-seated through the annuls of history. The word itself has been given many different meanings. In an online article, â€Å"The history of terrorism is as old as humans willingness to use violence to affect politics† (Zalman, n.d.). Based on what she says, we may trace the history of terrorism to the earliest of times when the common people used force to revolt against the tyranny of their monarch. As a term, terrorism isn’t quite simple to be limited by a definition. For some, it means to stand up for what you believe in and fight for it, to others it’s a crime. For some, it’s a strategy to break the hold of the tyrant, for others it may be tyranny in itself. For some, it’s their duty to God, to others it’s simply fanaticism by the name of God. Clearly, terrorism does not have an apparent definition. Although ter rorism may not be new, its interpretations and definitions throughout history have changed. What was considered an act of terrorism in the past may not fit the modern definition of terrorism. Zalman mentions how terrorism is more of a modern trend and how the mass media facilitates its purpose to invoke fear among the masses and how it is part of the international system itself (Zalman, n.d.). Let’s now look at a few important time periods in the history of international terrorism and the events that occurred before 9/11, it is important to note that it was not always centered around Muslims unlike modern terrorism. The phenomenon of terrorism has existed throughout history. Firstly, 1793: It is said that the foundations for modern terrorism were laid during this time, Zalman mentions, â€Å"The word terrorism comes from the Reign of Terror instigated by

The Racial and Gendered Messages in Henry Robert's Paintings Essay

The Racial and Gendered Messages in Henry Robert's Paintings - Essay Example The paper "The Racial and Gendered Messages in Henry Robert's Paintings" will discuss a few of his portraits both in the context of his writings about race and also in terms of the racialised critical responses these works received. Within this narrative two major issues arise in terms of Henri's portrait production. This is not to say that Henri never painted images of non-white youthful men. There are a few, particularly before 1905 when he painted his friends and relatives. But after 1906 these portraits are rare and when looking at his portraits en masse it becomes apparent that he was not interested in non-white men of his own age.These images of non-white children and women in a study of white masculinity, communicate how Henri framed both whiteness and manhood. Race and gender exist in dialectics, black informing the construction of white, female instructing male, and vice versa. I think it was not a coincidence that Henri painted so few portraits of white men, and instead foc used his attentions on racial and ethnic minorities. The white man, for Henri, could not be represented, for as he wrote, something had been lost in "the race"- white manhood was unstable, faltering. What he could paint instead was the boundaries of whiteness and the boundaries of manliness. As such, his portraits of non-white sitters become instructive, notifying the viewer of the distinctions between races and between genders. These numerous portraits then become a sort of reverse self-portrait.; Henri looked into each of his sitter's eyes and saw what he was not. This interpretation of the way Henri's portraits functioned is then reflected in the contemporary criticism that the portraits received. As stated before, these works were some of the most successful of Henri's career and indeed resuscitated his reputation after the eclipse of modernism and the Armory Show. Critics were for the most part enthusiastic about his portraits, but beyond that their comments reveal that the rac ial and gendered messages he encoded in the paintings were not lost on the audience. His paintings of African Americans,

Research Proposal With Credible Sources Included 6 different subjects Essay

Research Proposal With Credible Sources Included 6 different subjects - Essay Example soned On Their First Offense† at customwritingtips.com http://customwritingtips.com/component/k2/item/14745-drunk-drivers-should-be-imprisoned-on-their-first-offense.html â€Å"Drivers Convicted of Drunk Driving Should Be Imprisoned on their First Offense† at scribd.com http://www.scribd.com/doc/142448055/Drivers-convicted-of-drunk-driving-should-be-imprisoned-on-their-first-offense The neglected art of letter writing should be enkindled because; unlike emails, letters are pieces of memory and not just messages; letters express the feelings, emotions and personality of the writer and it’s a wonderful way to reflect and connect. Workers in essential services (police force and military for instance) should be permitted to strike by virtue of need for collective voice to enable balance of power between them and their employers, in case they are made to perform unethical tasks in the guise of humanization, also the right to strike is a constitutional right for every employee. â€Å"The Right to Strike: Essential Services and Minimum Service Agreements† at werksmans.com http://www.werksmans.com/legal-briefs-view/the-right-to-strike-essential-services-and-minimum-service-agreements/ â€Å"2000+ Reasons Why GMOs Are Safe to Eat and Environmentally Sustainable† at forbes.com

Bleep Test Essay Example for Free

Bleep Test Essay Power is strength and speed together. A good example of this is sprinting. Coordination is the ability to use your limbs effectively. This would be used in sports like tennis and cricket. Flexibility is the amount of movement at a certain area of your body. This can be seen when doing gymnastics. Agility is the ability to move and change direction on your feet, changing your body position. Squash is a good example of this. Balance is the ability to keep an upright position. This would be used a lot in ballet. Body Composition is the build up of your body e. g. the amount of muscle/fat/bone you have. Reaction Time is how quickly you respond to a stimulus. A good example of this would be sprinters waiting for the shot to start. Endurance is the ability to keep going for long periods, like a long distance runner doing the 1500m Speed is how quickly you can put your body into action and how quickly you can cover a distance. 100m sprinters need this component. Strength is the maximum weight you can lift or the muscular endurance you can endure. This can be seen in a body builder lifting their maximum weight. The components of fitness I am hoping to improve on are: Strength Muscular and Cardiovascular endurance Composition To improve on my strength I am going to use resistance training. This will involve lifting 10kg weights every night and increasing the amount of repetitions I do. To improve on my muscular and cardiovascular endurance I am going to use continuous training. This will mean doing long distance running and a sit up bleep test. I will slowly increase on the distance covered when running. The overall effect of this training should improve my body composition, adding to my muscle and reducing the amount of fat. Heart Rate During my P. E. P I will record my heart rate at several key points during the activity. Resting Heart Rate Working Heart Rate Recovery Rate Resting Heart Rate is the number of beats whilst resting e. g. whilst reading Working Heart Rate is the number of beats after you have performed an exercise e. g. after you have just played in a rugby match Recovery Rate is the time it takes for your heart to return to its resting heart rate. Target Zones 205 Anaerobic training zone (Insufficient o2) 200 170 Aerobic training zone (Sufficient o2) 130 Resting heart rate 70 I will take my resting heart rate before I do any kind of warm up or activity. I will then do the warm up and main activity and take my heart rate immediately after, every minute for five minutes before doing a warm down. I will be looking for an increase in my recovery rate and a possible decrease in my resting heart rate. Performing the Activity It is essential that, when I am performing my main activity that I execute a sufficient warm up and warm down. A Warm Up: When exercising you need to do a sufficient warm up to warm the muscles. A warm up should not be a strenuous task, it should be something that takes little effort but gets your muscles warm, a slow job is a good example of this. After you have warmed your muscles you should proceed to stretching them. When stretching it is vital that you dont force the stretch as this could lead to various injuries. A stretch should be held for roughly ten seconds before proceeding to the next. If a sufficient warm up is not properly done or not done at all then you risk serious injury. A Warm Down: A warm down should be down after any main activity. It is done to remove the lactic acid from your muscles. Again it should not be strenuous, a light jog (or even a slow walk) is sufficient for a warm down. You should also stretch your muscles (in the same fashion as mentioned above). Failure to do this could result in fatigue and soreness for a few days after. Main Activity: When doing a main activity you need to be aware of what your limits are. Pushing yourself too far can result in serious injury. Although testing your limits is advised breaking them is something that should always be avoided. Stretches Stretches need to be performed before and after any activity. This is done to avoid serious injury during the activity and to decrease fatigue after the activity. These are the basic stretches used. It is important to stretch each muscle properly without straining or forcing the stretch as this could cause serious injury. A stretch should be held for 10-15 seconds. The main ones I will be using are the Abdom Abductor Lower Back Calf Hamstring Chest as these will be the most used areas during my P. E. P. My Activity: For my activity I am going to firstly make sure I have done a sufficient warm up. This will consist of a steady jog of about 300m then stretching the main muscle groups, then a steady jog back to the starting point. After doing so I will have a short rest period then do a sit up multi level fitness test. This is where you do sit ups to a recorded bleep which speeds up as the levels increase. After doing this I will do a warm down. This will be a slow walk then doing the standard stretches and a slow walk back. When at home every night I will do 15 repetitions of my 10kg weights. For this I will first stretch my arms then proceed to doing the repetitions. Once completed I will stretch my arms again. This exercise should not be performed alone so I will always have someone with me when executing it. I will also be doing 100 sit ups. Both of these exercises will progress over time. Technique: When performing my main activities I need to make sure I am using the right technique. When doing the long distance running I need to pace myself and remain at that pace for the duration of the run otherwise I will tire quickly. For the sit ups I need to keep my arms crossed across my chest and have a downward pressure on my feet, doing this every time will allow fair results to come through. For the weightlifting I have a poster that tells me the correct ways to lift the weights, this will help me use the proper technique and reduce the risk of injury. None of these tasks should be performed if I sustain an injury as it will only make it worse and prolong its effects. Equipment: For my main activities I am going to need several pieces of equipment. For the long distance run I dont particularly need anything but for the sit ups I need a stereo with tape playing capabilities and a tape of the multi level fitness test. I also need a mat to lye on to support my back. For the weight lifting I need my 10kg weights and the poster which tells me the correct technique. Fitness Level Before starting the 6 week training program I tested my fitness levels through a bleep test and a circuit. This is how we test the components of fitness. Power: Standing long jump Coordination: Bouncing a tennis ball off a wall alternating the catching and throwing hands Agility: Slalom through cones Reaction Time: Dropping a ruler and seeing at what measurement it was caught Endurance: Bleep test Speed: Shuttle run Strength: Throwing a 3kg ball as far as possible from a sitting position using a chest pass. My results are as follows: Power: 180cm Coordination: 18 catches Agility: 8:20 seconds Reaction Time: 15cm Endurance: 7. 5 Speed: 5. 20 seconds Max Reps: 15 Highest Level On Sit Up Bleep Test: 5. 4 When I performed the bleep test I was suffering from a minor flu which has affected my score on the activity so this will undoubtedly improve on the second time around. As for the other results they should improve after my training period, mainly my targeted components. If they do not then my 6 week plan hasnt been sufficient enough and I will have to look back at the frequency, intensity etc of the activities done. My P. E. P For my 6 week training period I am going to be doing a sit up bleep test every G. C. S. E lesson as well as a 100 sit ups at home every Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Every night I will do 15 reps of 10kg weights. I will progressively build up the amount of sit ups and reps I do as well as trying to progress to higher levels on the sit up bleep test. On top of this I will be doing my usual schedule of rugby training. These training sessions are done on Monday, Tuesday and Sunday. If for any reason I feel I am not capable of performing an activity due to risk of injury then I will leave it for that session and see how I am feeling on the next session.